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Lots of other Scientologist-run businesses and companies belong to the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which accredits the usage of Hubbard's management teachings, and distributes directories of WISE-affiliated businesses. WISE needs those who want to become Hubbard management speaks with to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which uses an Associate of Applied Science Degree.


Another popular WISE-affiliated business is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Government Innovation and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Federal government is a department of e. Republic that was established in 1999. Web ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology enterprise.




This area needs growth. You can help by including to it. In order to assist in the ongoing growth of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the form of effective or respected people. Scientology Perth. Though it has obtained some credibility as a religious beliefs in lots of countries, Scientology has actually likewise been described as both a cult and a company.

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For example, it has actually been noted to participate in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by determining as Fair Game individuals it perceives as its opponents. In 1979, a number of Scientology members were convicted for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of federal government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise convicted of fraud, murder and tampering with witnesses in French cases, harmful libel versus attorney Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Faiths in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner specifies that Scientology's "high level of presence" may be viewed as "threatening to developed social institutions".


From 1952 up until 1966, Scientology was administered by a company called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), established in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was incorporated in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the IRS removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were commercial and run for the benefit of Hubbard. Controversy followed the church on those years, however its growth continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology remained in 52 you can try here countries by the time the 80s came in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost consistently for 26 years trying to restore its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had actually initially demandedand the IRS recognized the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit company.


Scientology cites its tax exemption as proof the United States federal government accepts it as a faith. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in items for the inbound Barack Obama administration to investigate, as figured out in an internet survey run by the presidential shift group soliciting public input for the inbound administration.

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State Department has actually criticized Western European countries for discrimination versus Scientologists in its published annual International Religious Liberty report, based upon read this post here the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is dealt with legally as a commercial business, and not as a religious beliefs or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was granted a tax-exemption for the 10% license fees sent to the United States. The word Scientology (and numerous related terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a registered hallmark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the hallmarks and copyrights, takes a difficult line on people and groups who attempt to use it in ways unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard selected Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of particular elements of legal security for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was developed with its head workplace located at Saint Hill Manor - Scientology click for source Perth. Under The Guardian's Workplace (later on renamed the Office of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later organized and devoted among the biggest penetration of United States federal companies ever perpetrated by a company not associated with a foreign government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The criminal activity dedicated by these defendants is of a breadth and scope formerly unprecedented. No building, workplace, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and spying. No person or organization was complimentary from their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has likewise in the past used aggressive methods in addressing those it views as trying to suppress them, known as Suppressive Individuals (SPs) initially laid out by Hubbard as part of a policy called reasonable game. Perth Scientology. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its founder.


Using blank paper understood to have actually been managed by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb risks in her name. When fingerprints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which might have sent Cooper to prison for a prolonged term. The Church's strategy was discovered at the same time as its Operation Snow White actions were exposed.